Blue Crab Report Essay Example for Free

Blue Crab Report Essay The blue crab is named because of its sapphire – tinted claws. Its shell, orcarapace , is actually a mottled brownish color. Their scientific name, Callinectes sapidus, means â€Å"savory beautiful swimmer. † Large males can reach 9 inches in shell width. Crab claws are various shades of blue and mature females have red highlights on the tips of their pincers. These bottom-dwelling creatures have a prickly disposition and are quick to use their sharp front pinchers. Crabs can regrow pinchers or legs lost while fighting or protecting themselves. They feed on almost anything they can get hold of , including mussels, snails, fish, planets, and even smaller blue crabs. Blue crabs are also excellent swimmers, with hind appendages shaped like paddles. Blue crabs are found in brackish coastal lagoons and estuaries from Nova Scotia, through the salty waters of the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and as far south as Uruguay. The blue crabs burrow in soft mud or hide in sea grass to lie in wait for prey or avoid predators. The blue crab migration pattern is closely connected to its lifecycle and really begins when the crabs mate and the female crabs release their eggs. It is hard to believe that female blue crabs mate only once in their lives and a males mate often. At 12 to 18 months, blue crabs have reached sexual maturity. Sexes can be identified by the abdominal flap or apron. In the male it is shaped like an inverted T, but in the female it is broader. Perhaps only one or two crabs survive to become adults. Blue crabs can live up to three years. Prized by humans for their sweet, tender, meat, these wide ranging, ten legged crustaceans are among the most heavily harvested creatures on the planet. Crabs are prepared and eaten as a dish in several different ways all over the world.

My New Political Ideology Essay -- Political Science Personal Narrativ

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A population’s views on political issues may change as different circumstances occur each day. The environment around us has a powerful influence on the decisions that we produce and the views that we as American citizens choose to hold. After a semester in political science class my views and my political ideology have altered. Today I will explain how political science class has influenced my political ideology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When this class initially began I was sure, without a doubt I was a conservative. As the semester progressed I discovered the reasons I was considered conservative. The town a person grows up in, financial status, social class, age, gender and the race of the individual have a strong influence on a individuals ideology. I knew I was conservative because I was raised with certain morals that still exist in my family today. Anaheim hills the town I grew up in, was and still is one of the most conservative cities in Orange County. A moderately white community full of affluent business owners, and my father was one of those affluent business owners. My father a very strong conservative taught me politics at an early age. As I grew older and made friends out of Anaheim hills, I found that most of the friends that I made had liberal views. All the issues I felt very strongly about were absolute opposite of my new friends. Being a teenager and very confused about the mat ter I talked to my family about these issues and they felt the same way I did. At that point in my life I realized that my house was not just higher up on the hill for no reason, my political views were completely different from the people that lived just below me. Evidence once again that social class and education had an influence on a person’s views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my last paper I stated my feelings about the tax issues all Americans face day to day. I felt that Americans are paying too much tax’s with very little benefits to our country. People on social programs such as social security and Medicare benefit from the tax payer’s dollars. I still do not agree with social programs providing cash to those people. Growing up, I was taught that I had to work for what I wanted. People on those programs are being taught at a very early age that they don’t have to work for what they want. A great solution to social programs is very simple. Food, shelter and work programs can ensure t... ...at don’t care about the poor people at all. Another lie made up by our very liberal news papers and television shows. Contributing to the miss-education of our country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issues that I have discussed today, and my responses to them fall into the category of a moderate conservative. I agree in the way the government is being run but it can use a few changes. I am a strong supporter of capitalism; therefore I do not care to provide money for social programs, which will benefit the freeloaders of our society. The next step is education. We must provide the best education to improve the future of our country; therefore the American people should not rely on the media to make their political decisions. If anyone agrees with the responses to these issues they may fall into the category of a moderate conservative. A moderate conservative would be ok with there being a limited government, not everyone is capable of political leadership. With all the information that I have provided, I feel that I am a moderate conservative. I agree with conservative side more than anything else but I still feel that there are some things that need to b e modified for the success of our country.

Philosophy: Meaning of Life and Worthwhile Life Essay

In this paper I will be discussing Tolstoy and Sartre views on the meaning of life by comparing and contrasting Tolstoy’s objectivism and transcendentalism and Sartre’s subjectivism and existentialism. I will later conclude why it is that Sartre’s view resonates more within myself. Tolstoy’s view on transcendentalism states that the only way for you to live a worthwhile life is if you follow God’s plan, for following God’s plan is the only way to maintain the â€Å"two ingredients†: immortality and an external significance for individual lives, which Tolstoy believes are essential for obtaining a worthwhile life. According to Tolstoy, God’s plan gives things purpose and the value they have and that they are good in virtue of playing a role in the plan. However, Sartre contradicts Tolstoy’s view of transcendentalism with his position on existentialism, the complete opposite of transcendentalism. Existentialism says that human beings were not designed with a purpose in mind; the only way for humans to have purpose in their life is if they assign one to themselves. Sartre goes on to say that each individual is in charge of inventing his or her own self, there is no plan nor a larger picture. Sartre also argues that there is no such thing as human nature, and since God does not exist, human beings must be in charge of themselves when deciding what is right and wrong and how they should live their life. From existentialism, Sartre concluded through subjectivism that there is no correct way to live life. It is up to the individual to invent their own life and the standards they will use to assess it. We are free in the sense that we must create our own personal values. Sartre goes on to state that we are born nobody and that it is our actions that start to create the meaning in our lives. Sartre believes that there is no external meaning outside of life. There is no god. There is no path for us to follow. Again, this is the opposing opinion of Tolstoy, which he argues through objectivism. Objectivism is the view that for a life to be considered â€Å"worthwhile† there must be a given set of features present in our life. Although, we play no role in deciding what exactly it is that constitutes as a worthwhile life and that we have no control over the matter. Essentially, there is a correct way to live life, and it is possible that you can be living your life wrong. With myself being an atheist, Sartre’s views on the meaning of life resonates more within myself. Perhaps I am too young and too naive to believe that God does not exist, but in the eighteen years I have lived, I can honestly say that I have no reason to believe in God or any other higher power. This became very clear for me at a young age when I lost a very close friend in car accident. I could never understand that if God has a plan for everyone and everything that he would create so much pain and suffering. How is it possible that such horrible things happen to such good people? Why would God purposely give parents the burden of burying their own child, at such a young age with such a bright and promising future? And then for people to justify pain and suffering by simply stating that â€Å"everything happens for a reason† or â€Å" God needed his angel back† as if it makes it all okay. The pain and suffering goes far beyond my own life and experiences. Why was it Gods plan to have third world countries without food or water or to have six million Jews killed during the Holocaust? I could never come to understand the reasoning behind that. So why spend your whole life in fear of God trying to please a higher power that has created so much evil in the world. Instead, I believe that you should live life freely, the way you want to live. You shouldn’t live in fear of God and that in the end there should be no ultimate goal of heaven or fear of hell. Why should it be that faith makes an individual life meaningful? When what really should be meaningful is the individual life itself. Why does there have to be an ultimate meaning to life? Is it simply not enough to gain happiness and meaning from everyday life itself? For instance, the smiles parents get from their children or enjoying a walk outside on a sunny day. Why must there be further reason. Decide what is right and wrong based on your values and live your life accordingly. At the end of your life, before you die, be able to look back on your life and know that you lived with no regrets because you did what made you happy and you lived your life how you wanted to and not how anybody else told you to. After all, it is your life.

Essay about How Students with Learning Disabilities Gain...

Promoting reading skills to students with LD may appear to be a very difficult task. The varying needs of the students, along with learning conditions in the congested public school could leave behind LD students in the integrated classroom. To address problems, reading interventions should be in place to give students with LD equal opportunities as mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy. These interventions should be designed to address two aspects of reading skills: oral decoding and reading comprehension. In Watson, Fore Boon, the authors address early problems of oral decoding for reading fluency. Oral decoding is very important when teaching beginning readers. To address problems of students with reading disabilities,†¦show more content†¦Students were allowed 3 sec. to correct the miscue, but after that, the teacher supplied the word and asked the student to continue reading. With the phonics-based method, the teacher supplied the sound for each miscue and inability to decode. Reinforcement in the form of tokens was given to motivate students to improve. Findings of the study confirm effectiveness of the two methods to promote reading fluency of students with reading disabilities. In the study conducted by Carr, reading comprehension was given focus. The teacher or examiner relied on activation of prior knowledge or schema of the students to increase comprehension. Before the reading activity itself, the examiner inquired about the prior knowledge of the students regarding the topic of the passage. The examiner read five questions, and aided the students in answering them. After reading, five inferential questions were asked and responses were recorded. The results of the study showed positive effect of the approach, emphasizing that students with LD were able to cope with the reading ability of their reading-level counterparts. In addition to activating prior knowledge, Carr also used Echo Reading Approach to address issues of readi ng fluency. Unlike the other study where the authors supplied the words or sounds for every miscue, the examiner read preliminary questions along with the student. Echo reading isShow MoreRelatedThe Georgia State School Board Of Education906 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires that students be able to ask and answer questions based on the details in a text. This standard also requires that the student be able to retell stories, including details, and demonstrate comprehension. This could be an issue for special needs students. Students with a learning disability in reading often have difficulty comprehending texts in books and other reading material that is written at their grade level. However, there are many strategies to use to improve reading comprehensionRead MoreA Brief Note On Websites, Links And Articles On Learning Disabilities And Families1007 Words   |  5 Pages Webliography: Websites, Links and articles on Learning Disabilities and families Sha’Vonne J. Walker North Carolina Central University Abstract Pikes Only for Module 6 One paragraph, single spaced, do not indent. single space citations and complete quotes Ldpride.net is a website that provides information on Learning Disabilities. The website defines LD as a term used to describe â€Å"a wide range† of learning and/or social impairments (Bodgod, 2015). The impairment can affectRead MoreStudent At Risk And With Disabilities1400 Words   |  6 PagesSTUDENT AT RISK AND WITH DISABILITIES Recently, CAI has become an acceptable instructional strategy to provide several academic outcomes for at-risk students and those with disabilities. Even though there has been research on the effects and implications of CAI on students without disabilities, there is limited research evidence about the effects of CAI on students with disabilities. Ross et al., (1991) assessed the effects of CAI on students’ attitudes toward school, grades, computer skillsRead MoreClassroom And Student Implications : Students With Learning Disabilities964 Words   |  4 PagesClassroom/Student Implications: In the classroom, the student with learning disabilities, notably struggles with pronouncing simple words, reading, or solving math problems as their peers. The major ramification of learning disabilities is the underachievement in one or more academic skills that are shared by most students with LD, with reading as the most difficult area for students. Later, their struggling might reach a point of dropping out of school, which rate is 8% (one out five students withRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pagespertaining to students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperativ e for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectualRead MoreComparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For Students With Learning Disabilities1488 Words   |  6 PagesTremblay, P. (n.d.). Comparative Outcomes of Two Instructional Models for Students with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 251-258. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Summary In the following study researchers compared two instructional approaches; co-teaching inclusion and solo-taught special education for students with learning disabilities in regard to their overall academic achievement. Participants of theRead MoreMy Personal Teaching Style And My Student s Learning Styles969 Words   |  4 Pagesenjoyed the reading, Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign and Second Language Education by Richard M. Felder –Eunice R. Henriques. I have related this reading selection to my personal teaching/ learning style and my student’s learning styles, but especially to one particular student that I work with. The students’ on my caseload have disabilities that range from the following: verbal, sensory, auditory skills, and emotional and behavior disorders. Most of my students’ have specific learning disabilitiesRead MoreDisruptive Behavior Impacts Students Ability to Learn821 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract Disruptive behavior impacts students ability to learn. In both the regular and special education classrooms, teachers must manage disruptive behavior and help students stay on task. It is especially critical with reading instruction in the beginning of a students academic career. Struggling readers, without intervention, often struggle throughout their school years. Peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) have been shown to be effective in keeping students on task and thus enabling them toRead MoreWhat Is Dyslexia and What Can You Do If You Have It1242 Words   |  5 PagesDyslexia is a congenital disorder characterized by unexpected difficulty learning to decode and spell words in relation to one’s verbal intelligence, motivation, and educational opportunities (Gray E. S, 2008). People have many misconceptions regarding dyslexia which includes visual impairment, low IQ, dyslexia is curable, and this learning disability affects males more often than females. Indicators of d yslexia change over time since it is a process of developmental. It is difficult to identifyRead MorePlanning And Implementing Curriculum Accommodation842 Words   |  4 PagesPlanning and implementing curriculum accommodation in content areas Many students with LD experience trouble with reading abilities that are significantly below grade level. Consequently, the high school text book in history and other social studies classes will represent a problem. If students have problems with interpreting what is seen, they may have difficulties with timelines, graphs, maps, charts and other visual display that frequently used to explain information in social studies. Steele

Analysis of the Play “Trifles” by Susan Glaspell - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1146 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Trifles Essay Did you like this example? Also, caging of the bird in the house, demonstrates another instance of men dominance in the society over the women. Symbolically, the living of bird in the cage, demonstrates the kind of life Minnie was living, a life of minimal no freedom (Rudnick 388). She was not allowed to freely move out of the house. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of the Play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell" essay for you Create order Murdering of her husband was the only way she had to the freedom. This illustration describes the level of confinement of the women in society and the level of misuse up to the extent of not being allowed to mix with others. The approach of seeking the evidence that would lead to the identification of the suspect by both genders was quite different from that of women emerging more effective and successful. This act as evidence that women have the capability of realizing little thing while men do not afford any attention to these minor but important issues (Mustazza 489). The bonding of women evidenced in the play had resulted from the fact that they shared the same background of oppression, dissatisfaction, and frustrations, resulting from the gender patriarchal. This made them to live in sympathy of each other. Hiding of glue by the women was a form of bonding with a motive of challenging the judiciary system that was dominated by men. They were so united that they were making every possible effort to protect Mannie from being identified as the suspect to the murder of her husband, John. The killing of the bird by Mr, John signified that he was not pleased by her wifes behavior of singing just as the caged bird was doing (Bennett 241). This portrays the level of men dominance in society to the extent that women are not allowed to exercise their freedom and passion. Killing of bird that was the only company Minnie had symbolizes the willingness of the men to dominate the women in the society. Mrs. John was also not allowed to socialize with the outsiders, for instance, there existed no telephone in their house despite being trapped there for long. From the narration, Minnie was previously well known as a good singer in the church choir specifically before her marriage. However, after her marriage, there was a drastic change. Her love for singing keeps her companied to the bird as her closest friend now that she had no kid (Rudnick 389). The dominance of her husband changed her personality making her to live a life full of limits. Contrary to viewing the home as an arena of comfort, most of the women view their homes as a ground full of oppression and abuses. Reflecting the living of Minnie, her home was just a ground of torture and psychological abuse, where all she lived with is fear that took a better part of her. Minnies house was dominated by silence. The extent of silence is symbolically demonstrated by the nonexistence of telephone in Minnies house and the violet murder of the bird, the closest company she had, by her husband (Mustazza 489). This is clear evidence that there exists a higher possibility that Minnie was be ing violated by her husband leading to her isolation from the church choir and the fellow women. The violated individuals tend to isolate themselves from others in fear of being asked what they go through. The life of Minnie is clear evidence that not all women are content with their marriage life, but instead opt to hide their problems from their friends and extended relatives (Carpentier 111). Women do this in their attempt to prevent their marriages from breaking. The spatial division was the main cause of the creation of pressure between the women (Bennett 260). Joining of hands signifies the effort of women is making in protecting their grievances in modern society with a goal of minimizing the male dominance on them. Hiding of the important evidence from the males is clear evidence that women are making efforts in fighting the existence of the patriarchal situations of the gender. In protection of their affairs and their standing in the society, Wallace refused to consider taking the alibi because she believed by so doing she would ruin the honor of women in modern society (Rudnick 389). In sacrificing for their honor, the women further provide an excuse for the decision made by Gordon Wallace. In the context of this play, the individual women of honor are meant to dehumanize fellow women. The men in the play are using their names about themselves while on the other hand, the women have been forced to use the names of their husbands as their reference (Makowsky and Veronica 23). This openly demonstrates the magnitude of dominance by men in society. This signifies the superiority of the mens name over those of their wives. The names that have been used to reference the six women in the play such as the silly one, the mother of one, the mercenary one is an example of a kind where the women are humiliated. These names signified the extent of the women expression in the set society. Low status and demeaning level of women has also been successfully demonstrated in this societal setting. However, the women are making efforts in trying to overcome these prejudices. The expression of the character in saving Wallace from prosecution is an example of saving women reputation in the s ociety. The women are also attempting to fight the existence of the patriarchal relations. In conclusion, from the observation of various happenings and the unfolding of the play, the writer has demonstrated the increase of dominance in the society. This reflects modern society. Here, the man expresses the patriarchal relations and regard themselves to be more senior than the women. Example of such instances is when the males arrived at Johns home as investigators while the women arrived as mere witnesses and their opinions about the solution in the investigation disregarded. The denial of freedom to the women also expresses the state of oppression that women experience at their homes. For instance, the Minnie had been trapped in her house by her husband. This violates her freedom of movement and association with others. The killing of the company she had, a bird, in also open evidence of the violation of women rights in the society. However, at various instances of the play, there is a description of the attempts the women are making in the protection of their affairs. Wo men unity and stand for another in a potential threat resulting from the dominance of the males. Hiding of the glue that could have acted as evidence shows the level of support among the women. Support for Wallace in the court also signifies womens support and unity towards their counterparts. Besides, the women successfully give evidence and other forms of assistance leading to the identification of the suspect in the murdering of John more effectively than men could manage.

Society s Call For Action - 2035 Words

Society’s Call for Action â€Å"Mass media are forms of communication that generate messages for very large, very heterogeneous, and very anonymous audiences† (Thompson et al. 93). â€Å"Body image is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individual’s perception and feelings about their body and physical appearance† (Serdar 1). With the increasing percentage of today’s females struggling with personal body image issues, the media has been criticized for playing a critical role in bringing body discontentment upon the female population; several theories help explain how this discontentment happens. Media is the primary public means used around the world to relay ideas, values, norms, attitudes and behaviors (Lopez-Guimera et al.388). Society is bombarded throughout their daily lives with different forms of media relaying a wide variety of messages. The thin ideal set by the mass media has become the standard for female beauty and has played a major role in how women perceive themselves. From waking up to the radio advertizing the newest diet supplement offering a free sample for a limited time only, to seeing a billboard on your way to work depicting a Victoria’s Secret model in the latest push up bra, to the pop ups viewed on one’s internet browser with beautiful models advertising luxu ry vacation destinations, to the nightly news featuring a segment of the newest fitness craze, it is clear that these forms of media cannot be avoided and play a critical role inShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley1128 Words   |  5 PagesAn Inspector Calls We dont live alone. We are all members of one body. We are responsible for each other. What is Priestleys main aim in `An inspector calls`? How successfully does he achieve it. In `An inspector calls` by J.B Priestley, the writers aim is reflected into this quote, We dont live alone. We are all members of one body. We are responsible for each other. Meaning that we are not isolated, we all live in one community and we are all collectively responsible for each otherRead MoreEhrenreich s Nickel And Dimed, By Barbara Ehrenreich1284 Words   |  6 Pages A Call to Action In her novel, Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich states the working poor should be categorized as a â€Å"state of emergency,† and while that may first appear as extreme title, it would certainly promote action in our society. This â€Å"call to action† is one of the main motivations behind Ehrenreich’s writing of this novel. If viewing the working poor as a state of emergency promotes society to take action, then so be it. It is clear from Ehrenreich’s novel that the life of the workingRead MoreReligious Violence On The Mind Of God1240 Words   |  5 Pagessocial harmony bringing members of society together in worship with a common love for one central thing. While many religions exist, all still pertain the idea of a centralized love and worship. Religion though, especially in recent decades, has caused mass violence and hysteria causing tidal wives in chaos across the world. Religious violence has always been a perplexing idea as the belief of commit ting violence for a religion puzzles society. In Juergensmeyer s Terror in the Mind of God, JuergensmeyerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath : The Great Depression1748 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel is far more than a heart-tugging story, but is actually a historically correct interpretation of the Great Depression of the 1930’s in the United States. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath’s plot and characters reflect the Great Depression environmentally, socially, and economically, and it calls for a change to socialism and President F. D. Roosevelt s New Deal. Steinbeck makes it exceedingly clear through long and in depth imagery, that the environment in which his novel takes place isRead MoreThe Students for a Democratic Society of the late 1960’s Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960’s was a happening decade. It was a time when many people came together for a common good and stood against injustice. The 60’s is often recalled as the era of the peace sign, one ridden with hippies, marijuana and pacifism. While true of much of the era, some of the movements calling for immense social change began as non-violent harbingers of change and later became radicals. The reason for this turn to radicalism, as seen in the case of the Students for a Democratic Society, and as suggestedRead MoreArgument Essay Outline903 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Argument Essay Outline I. Introduction a. Hook: Women make up one half of society. Our society will remain backward and in chains unless its women are liberated, enlightened, and educated b. Background Information: women play important role in the family, men in Saudi Arabia consider women as a second sort. c. Opposing Position: Men in Saudi Arabia believe women should enjoy their lives and follow religious customs d. Thesis Statement: women in Saudi Arabia are deprived many rights, suchRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Call To Arms1088 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Formation by Beyoncà ©: A Call To Arms When we think of the South today, we think of a place so deeply embedded in its country roots that its very existence is piggybacked onto the well-known topics of police brutality, racism, religion, black culture, and in some cases, the argument of New Orleans and hurricane Katrina. However, as â€Å"White† America continues to weed out and denounce Black culture and Black Lives, more and more movements have risen up to take action. The Black Lives Matter organizationRead MoreTableau Analytical Essay . The Harlem Renaissance Was A1351 Words   |  6 PagesCulture. African Americans in the United States became more prominent and involved in society. Culturally and artistically African Americans began to thrive as they began to fully express themselves and become more involved in American society. Countee Cullen, an African American, was apart of the artistic movement. Through his writing Cullen exemplified the struggle and hardships African Americans faced and created a call for equality. Cullen wrote the poem â€Å"Tableau† to demonstrate the varying views ofRead MorePolice Brutality Is An Extremely Serious Offence885 Words   |  4 Pagesa situation where your safety is at risk you would call the police for help,Considering their job is to protect you at all times. But, who Do you call when it s a police officer abusing his authority? Who do you call when the peacemakers are disturbing your peace and just adding to the crime rates in America? Police brutality is a crime very much present in today s society just as it was present during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s and years after that . It is a very big issue in ourRead MoreThe And Its Impact On Society Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom our identity, the past dictates how we are reared up, our place in society, society’s expectations of us, our expectation of society, and most importantly, our expectation of ourselves. Due to this inextricability, it is impossible to deny the past without simultaneously brushing off a part of ourselves. America in the 21st century can––heavy emphasis on can––be considered progressive, modern, and accepting. As a society, we aspire to be labeled as such: we take the label of being the â€Å"melting

Rosetta Stone for analysis of suitable tools †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rosetta Stone for analysis of suitable tools . Answer: Executive Summary of Rosetta Stone The main purpose is to show the advantages and disadvantages of showing the IPO. The project shows the identification of the present problems of Rosetta Stone. The methods used shows the analysis of suitable tools solve the relevant issues to address the problems Background of the company Rosetta Stone, is a learning software company. The history of the company originates from the year 1980 by an economics professor Allen Stoltzfus. The seed of initiation of the company was due to the slow progress of the professor to learn the Russian language. It was found that the conventional classroom teaching of the Russian Language was becoming ineffective and the Mr. Allen Stoltzfus was looking for more natural way to learning language. Later on, the implementation of computer technology was implemented with pictures and sound. The company started the distribution of the software services was done with the CD ROM technology in the year 1990. This provided the users with an opportunity to learn the new languages effectively. The software used the combination of images, text to teach the children to make the children to make them learn their first language, the company named this method as Dynamic immersion method. Dynamic, because of the use of digital technology and immersion due to the convenience of the learning from anywhere. Despite of the global economic crisis the company was keen on going public. This fourth quarter of the company showed an expansion of 53% despite of the degrading economic conditions and the company was able to expand 53% of its revenues. Tom Adams considered IPO as a crucial opportunity to establish business credibility. Identification of issues Key considerations to be made in going public Prohibition of the public to invest in the shares was prohibited for a private company Problem in financing of credit Dependence of the company on negotiations between other parties (Massari Gianfrate Zanetti 2016) Speaker Note The problem was related to the decision making of the company going public. The company had to decide between the advantages and the disadvantages of going public and the various other alternatives to the IPO. Moreover since Rosetta Stone was privately owned, then offer to the public to buy the shares was prohibited. It was facing several issues in obtaining loan, this shows the dependence of the company on negotiations between other parties. Analysis of the problems/issues Multiple Market Approach Discounted rate of the cash flow values Slide 6 Analysis of the problems/issues Exhibit 7 ROSETTA STONE, INC.: PRICING THE 2009 IPO Financial Forecast for Rosetta Stone (in millions of dollars except percentages) 2008A 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E 2017E 2018E Revenue growth 52.5% 35.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 23.0% 21.0% 18.0% 13.0% 10.0% 5.0% Gross margin 86.3% 86.0% 86.0% 85.0% 84.0% 83.0% 82.0% 81.0% 80.0% 79.0% 78.0% SGA exp / Revenue 63.5% 63.5% 63.5% 63.0% 63.0% 62.5% 62.5% 62.5% 62.5% 62.5% 62.5% RD exp / Revenue 8.8% 9.0% 9.0% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% Capital expenditures 7.0 5.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 11.0 11.0 9.0 8.0 5.0 NPPE turnover 13.5 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2 16.4 16.8 17.3 NWC turnover 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Revenue 209.4 282.7 381.6 496.1 620.1 762.7 922.9 1,089.0 1,230.6 1,353.6 1,421.3 Gross profit 180.7 243.1 328.2 421.7 520.9 633.1 756.8 882.1 984.5 1,069.4 1,108.6 SGA expense 133.0 179.5 242.3 312.5 390.7 476.7 576.8 680.6 769.1 846.0 888.3 RD expense 18.4 25.4 34.3 42.2 52.7 64.8 78.4 87.1 98.4 108.3 113.7 EBIT 29.4 38.2 51.5 67.0 77.5 91.5 101.5 114.3 116.9 115.1 106.6 Net working capital 23.4 31.4 42.4 55.1 73.0 89.7 115.4 136.1 153.8 169.2 177.7 Net PPE 15.7 18.8 25.1 32.2 39.7 48.3 57.7 67.2 75.0 80.6 82.2 Speaker note for Slide 6 The forecasted revenue growth of is mainly declining from 2008 to 2018 indicating a slow growth prospects of the company. Although the net working capital, is expected to increase on a yearly basis the revenue growth is decreasing due to similar markets giving competition to Rosetta Stone. Slide 7 Analysis of the revenue forecast Declining trend of the revenue of the company Revenue growth percentage is expected to grow by only 5% in the year 2018 (Larson Yozzo, 2014). Speaker note for Slide 7 Analysis of the revenue forecast The revenue forecast analysis clearly shows the declining trend of the revenue of the company. This is evident because in the year 2008 the forecasted revenue growth was 52%, while in the year 2018 the revenue growth percentage was expected to grow by 5%. Although the net working capital, is expected to increase on a yearly basis the revenue growth is decreasing due to similar markets giving competition to Rosetta Stone. Slide 8 Advantages of going public The advantage of the company was seen in the form of issuing of 6.25 million shares to the public this represents 30% of the companys total stake Based on the financial figures from the last five years it can be further stated that the company will be able to increase the revenue by 725% and 625% increase in the net income. Speaker note for Slide 8 Advantages The advantage of the company was seen in the form of issuing of 6.25 million shares to the public this represents 30% of the companys total stake. This shows that the company already issued half of the share process and the next half of the share price issue was due. Based on the financial figures from the last five years it can be further stated that the company will be able to increase the revenue by 725% and 625% increase in the net income. Slide 9 Disadvantages of going public There are several issues related to the transfer of owner of the company The public company may become fully owned by the Government and company rights may be completely lost in an IPO offering. The credit limit of an IPO company will further increase and the company will be entitled to more debt. . In case, the company is not able to project the required amount of revenue, the Government may decide to dissolve shares to private companies (Laje et al. 2013). . Speaker note for Slide 9 There are several issues related to the transfer of owner of the company. The public company may become fully owned by the Government and company rights may be completely lost in an IPO offering. The credit limit of an IPO company will further increase and the company will be entitled to more debt. In case, the company is not able to project the required amount of revenue, the Government may decide to dissolve shares to private companies. Slide 10 Discount rate appropriate for the cash flow forecast Weighted average of the beta is 0.92 The percentage of the discount rate appropriate for the cash flow forecast is 9.03% (Mousavi et al. 2013) Beta 9.03% 0.69 0.79 0.89 0.99 1.09 5.5% 7.1% 7.6% 8.2% 8.7% 9.3% 6.0% 7.4% 8.0% 8.6% 9.2% 9.8% 6.5% 7.7% 8.4% 9.0% 9.7% 10.3% 7.0% 8.1% 8.8% 9.5% 10.2% 10.9% 7.5% 8.4% 9.2% 9.9% 10.7% 11.4% Speaker note The weighted average beta is mainly calculated from beta of the competitors companies. In addition, after the effective valuation, 9.03% is assumed a the overall discount rate, which could be used in cash flow forecast to determine the Present value of the forecasted cash flow. Advantages of multiple market approach Useful for the valuation of the similar assets having similar prices Helps in determining the future growth of the company and assists the investors Useful in evaluating the free cash flow after a particular financial period (Matthews, 2014). Speaker note for Slide 11 The market multiples approach is useful for the valuation of the similar assets having similar prices. It is useful to determine the present position of Rosetta stone in terms of similar other companies. It also helps in determining the future growth of the company and assists the investors in making an adequate decision for investing in the company. It is also useful in evaluating the free cash flow after a particular financial period. The net results clearly shows that the forecasted share value of the IPO is higher than the outstanding amount of the premoney shares. Disadvantages of multiple market approach Non- consideration of economic crisis Non-inclusion of the corporate tax rate Mainly signifies high or low values of the company (Roosenboom 2012) Speaker note for Slide 12 The primary drawback of this model is non- consideration of economic crisis in which the liquidity of the position of a cannot be assessed by using this model. It also deals with projecting either the high or the low values of an organization which may incorrectly depict the performance of a company. The disadvantage is seen in the non-inclusion of the corporate tax rate, which may directly affect then earning g of then revenue of the company. Advantages of Discounted Cash flow method Consideration of intrinsic value of the stock Relies on availability of the free cash flow The rates are estimated in such a basis that the share prices wont be affected from the inflationary pressure in the economy (Willenbor, Wu Yang 2015) Speaker note It takes into consideration the intrinsic value of the stock. Unlike the price earning technique, the DCF is reliant on the availability of the free cash flow. This will help the investors to identify the source of cash flow. The rates are estimated in such a basis that the share prices wont be affected from the inflationary pressure in the economy. Disadvantages of Discounted Cash flow method Difficult to predict the sales and the cost trends Uncertainty of the cash flows Changing discount rates Speaker note for Slide 14 It is difficult to predict the sales and the cost trends with the certainty of the cash flows. The values are further sensitive to the assumptions of the perpetuity growth rates and the discount growth rates. The discount rate approach to the cash flow forecast is based on the approximations of the discount rates appropriate for the cash flow forecast Evaluating the current price of Rosetta Stone With the help of Multiple market approach and Discounted cash flow Method the overall price valuation of Rosetta Stone is assumed at $15.5 However, as mentioned in the case study the share value of the company is at $17.49 as of 2008. Multiple Market Approach Particulars Amount EBITDA $ 34.6m EBITDA Ratio 13.4 times Enterprise Value $ 463.6m Debt $9.9m Equity Value $ 453.7m Outstanding value of shares (Pre-money) 17.2m Implied share price $ 26.4 Speaker note for Slide 16 The company is facing issues to decide for the use of market- multiple approaches in the valuation method. It is important to understand the appropriate discount rate of the cash flow forecast and proper approach to calculate the terminal value to estimate the share price of the company. The multiple market approach mainly helps in depicting the highest and the lowest values of any company's shares. Investors to evaluate the future growth of share price mainly use this valuation. Thus, $ 26.4 is evaluated as the highest figure, which could be used by Rosetta stone in depicting their share price during the IPO process. Discounted Cash flow method Terminal value calculation using discounted rate of the cash flow values Valuation Terminal Growth rate 3.00% Discount rate 9.03% Shares Outstanding 17.2 Debt value 9.9 2008A 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E 2016E 2017E 2018E CAGR 08/18 NOPAT 29.4 38.2 51.5 67.0 77.5 91.5 101.5 114.3 116.9 115.1 106.6 13.76% Depreciation 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.5 3.4 5.99% Capex 5 8 9 9.5 10 11 11 9 8 5 3.3 -4.07% Change in NWC 8 11 12.7 17.8 16.8 25.6 20.8 17.7 15.4 8.5 7.1 -1.19% Free cash flow 18.3 20.9 31.7 41.6 52.7 56.4 71.3 89.1 94.7 104.1 99.6 18.49% Terminal Value 1701.26 Implied EV /EBIT 15.5 Speaker note The discount cash flow method helps in evaluating the overall accurate share price of the company. In addition, $15.5 is estimated as the appropriate share value, which could be used as the base during the IPO process. Price recommend to offer shares In order to promote then shares in the economic crisis of the shares the company needs to keep a price range of $15.5 to $ 18.5. Speaker note The valuation of the current share price is with the help of the discounted cash flow and the market multiples has depicted with the discounted cash flow and with then multiple market models. In order to promote then shares in the economic crisis of the shares the company needs to keep a price range of $15.5 to $ 18.5.